Part 20 · Dealers, Auctions & Disputes

Fraud Typology & Advanced Criminal Law — Physical Swaps, Robbery, Auction Rings, Phantom Lots & the Universal Evidence Checklist

Physical swaps, robbery, phantom lots, evidence checklists, and the complete fraud typology and criminal law framework for collectors.

12 questions in this part

1 What if a seller substitutes a genuine note with a fake during the physical handover? 2 If a private numismatic transaction turns into a robbery — what are the immediate legal steps? 3 Should you always meet at a public place for a numismatic transaction? 4 Can a witness present at a private numismatic transaction be asked to testify in court later? 5 If a UPI payment is made at a private meeting but the seller refuses to hand over the note — what is the immediate legal step? 6 Is a handshake deal in numismatics enforceable in court? 7 What is 'auction ring' fraud — and is it illegal in India? 8 What is 'photo fraud' in Facebook auctions — and how do you prosecute it? 9 What is 'reserve not met' manipulation — can sellers legally cancel an auction by claiming the reserve wasn't met? 10 What is 'bid cooling' — pressuring a bidder to withdraw their bid — and is it a criminal offence? 11 What is 'grading fraud' at auctions and how do you challenge it legally? 12 What is a 'phantom lot' auction scam — and what is the fastest legal remedy?